Common sense knowledge of rock climbing
Rock climbing also belongs to mountaineering. The main objects of climbing are rock cliffs or artificial rock walls. Climbing without tools, only rely on the balance of hands, feet and body upward movement, hands and arms according to the different fulcrum, using a variety of force methods, such as grasping, grasping, hanging, pulling, supporting, pushing, pressing, etc. When climbing, safety belt and protective rope should be tied, and ropes should be equipped to avoid danger.
Climbing skills
Technique: the basic purpose of climbing with hands is to make the body move up and close to the rock wall. There are many kinds of fulcrum shapes on the cliff, and there are dozens of common fulcrum shapes. Climbers should be familiar with the shape of these fulcrums, and know where to grasp different fulcrums and how to use force. According to the position and direction of the protrusion (or depression) on the fulcrum, there are such methods as picking, pinching, pulling, gripping, gripping and pushing. But don't be rigid. There are many ways to grasp the same fulcrum.
When grasping the fulcrum, especially the horizontal force, the arm position should be low, and the horizontal friction force should be increased by the downward pulling force; the power of thumb should be fully used, and the thumb should be put on the fulcrum as far as possible. For the common fulcrum of horizontal shallow groove, you can twist your thumb, buckle one side of the finger belly into the flat groove, or cross it on the back of the index finger and middle finger, which can increase great strength.
The strength of the fingers is very important in climbing. Usually, you can use the methods of lying on your fingers, pulling up, hanging up, lifting and pinching weights. Now some foreign experts have reached the power level of single finger pull-up. When climbing a long route, you can choose an easy location and take turns to rest your hands.
Rest area to choose no elevation or elevation is small, and the hand has a larger fulcrum. When resting, step on the fulcrum with both feet, straighten the arm (it is difficult to get rest when bending), lean back the upper body, but the waist must be pushed forward to make the lower body close to the rock wall, press the weight on the foot to reduce the arm burden, do finger movement, shake hands to relax, and rub some magnesium powder to avoid slipping.
Footwork: rock climbing generally wear special climbing shoes. The sole of this kind of shoes is made of hard rubber, the forefoot is slightly thick, the body of the shoes is made of tough leather, the toe cap is sharp, and the sole has great friction. With this kind of shoes, the foot can firmly support the whole body weight when stepping on the fulcrum less than one centimeter wide. In the purchase of this kind of shoes, we must pay attention to, must not buy big. The tighter the shoe is, the more stable it will be.
There are only four places where a foot can touch the fulcrum: the front toe of the shoe; the inside edge of the toe (big toe); the outside edge of the toe (four toe toe tip) and the heel tip (mainly used to hang the foot when turning over the eaves), and it can only step into the width of one finger or so, not too much. For example, put the whole sole on it, so that the foot can rotate left and right under the condition of bearing the force, and implement foot changing, body turning and other actions.
The correct way to change feet is to ensure stability without increasing the burden on the hands. Take changing from the right foot to the left foot as an example, first lift the left foot above the right foot, turn the right foot counter clockwise (looking down) with the most right side of the foot on the fulcrum, empty the left side of the fulcrum, and the weight is still on the right foot; cut the left foot from the top, step on the point, and the right foot must be pulled out, and the weight will transit to the left foot.
When you get used to it, it's like greasing the soles of your feet. Your right foot slides out of the fulcrum and your left foot slides in at the same time. Your weight is always borne by your feet. Your hands are only used to adjust your balance. In addition to supporting weight, feet are often used to maintain body balance during climbing. The foot does not always have to step on the fulcrum. Sometimes it is necessary to hang one leg out to adjust the position of the body's center of gravity so that the weight can be transmitted to the other foot steadily.
